Mukositis Oral dan Kualitas Hidup Spesifik–Mukositis Oral pada Anak Kanker yang di Kemoterapi

Dwi Novrianda, Yulastri Arif

Abstract

Salah satu efek samping yang umumnya terjadi selama kemoterapi adalah mukositis oral. Gangguan akibat mukositis oral ini seringkali berdampak terhadap psikologis dan penurunan kualitas hidup anak. Oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui hubungan mukositis oral pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi dan kualitas hidup terkait mukositis oral. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah anak yang mengidap kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi di Ruang Rawat Kronis IRNA Anak-Kebidanan RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Strategi yang digunakan dalam menentukan sampel adalah consecutive sampling berjumlah 132 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner yaitu Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire (OMDQ) dan Oral Mucositis-specific Quality of Life (OMQoL). Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata responden berusia 6,55 tahun, mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan didiagnosis mengalami leukemia limfositik akut. Kurang dari sebagian responden mengalami mukositis oral berat (skor 2, 3, dan 4) dan mengalami keterbatasan aktivitas derajat ringan hingga berat terutama makan, minum, dan menelan. Rata-rata skor total kualitas hidup spesifik-mukositis oral 58,61. Subskala diet dan menelan menempati rata-rata skor terendah dan di bawah skor total yaitu 55,00 dan 55,75. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kualitas hidup spesifik-mukositis oral antara mukositis ringan dan berat (p > 0,05). Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat professional dapat mengidentifikasi secara dini kondisi membrane mukosa oral pasien kanker dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan intervensi mukositis oral melalui penilaian kualitas hidup spesifik-mukositis oral.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/njk.13.1.50-59.2017

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